Works Cited

Dennis, Jeff. “A Success Worth Having.” EBSCO Host. Fulleton College.  3 Mar. 2006 <http://web24.epnet.com/citation.asp?tb=1&_ug=sid+AEEDB92E%2D4AB5%2D...>.

Reynolds, Susan Salter. Los Angeles Times 1 Jan. 2006: E. 31. 12 Mar. 2006 <http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=953220911&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1142847495&clientId=27890>.

Toynbee, Arnold, J. “Challenge and Response.” Past to Present. By Stuart Hirschberg and Terry Hirschberg. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003. 244. Rpt. in Challenge and Response.

Jeff Lee

2/7/06

Rhetorical Devices are used all the time in writing to help the writer guide the readers the way he wants them to. It would be hard for a writer to make his opinion or thought process clear because of the fact that not all of the people in the world will share his exact thoughts. Therefore he must use clear precise writing to prove his point or even get the reader to bother with his piece. That is where rhetorical devices come in handy. The rhetorical devices that can be used can only help to put emphasis on thoughts, points and views on the subject that is being discussed. Rhetorical devices have the power to guide the reader in different ways because it is so affective in terms of controlling the mentality of the reader.

            A loaded question is also a very effective rhetorical device. A loaded question is a false or questionable opinion and that is why it is filled with that presumption.

Ex.

            “Have you stopped cheating on tests?”

The answer to this question is either a yes or no question. So if one says yes, it implies that he did cheat but stopped. And if one says no, it would mean that he/she does chaet and is still cheating. If you ask the question, “Do you cheat?” and want to ask another question asking, “If so, are you still doing so?” If the subject answers no, then the second question won’t exist in the first place. That is the kind of effectiveness that is used in these loaded questions.

A downplayer is just a word or phrase that will deemphasize the point that is given. In other words, downplayers have the power to make something look less significant. These downplayers can be created by various things, such as stereotypes, and innuendos.

Ex.

            The so-called genius was not able to figure out the enigma that the criminal has left behind.        

A proof surrogate can be a strong suggestion that a viable source of evidence exists but somewhere out of reach.

Ex.

            Unamed sources repot that…….

            Experts agree that……

Jeff Lee

2/1/06

Summaries

Paul Roberts

Paul Roberts pretty much tells a story in depth in such a manner that the reader is able to learn from the mistakes the character makes and learn how to write. Paul Roberts does a great job not only telling his story but also getting through to the reader with the main points which will ultimately help the reader write in a more concise and refined way. This article is basically a guide and a map I which any writer is expected to put into practice so that they may be able to leave the norms of writing and have a more attractive paper. He brings about the key things that are needed in writing by dividing them into different sections. Each point that is used by Paul Roberts is completely logical in the sense that every writer should have that style of writing in their papers to be successful. Not only does he do a good job in getting it through to the writer, most of the points that he brings up are quite obvious and one should know to include or exclude it. Yet many writers forget to go the fundamentals of writing to provide a strong foundation which can only result in a impressive paper. Paul Roberts just bring about the foundations in an excellent paper and is able to attract readers to better writing.

John McPhee

In this piece of writing, John Mcphee tells a story about his experience with a Grizzly. His descriptive style of writing that leaves out not a single detail is able to attract readers and let them imagine everything that happens in his story. It seems as if he is able to bring his readers along with him because of his great style of writing. This story is about how he encounters one of the most majestic yet fearful animals in the world. The author gives amazing details and facts to show the gravity of the situation he was in. From example from the past to the current facts he knew, Mcphee was able to express his feelings to the readers in a very effective manner. At the same time he makes sure he doesn’t over due the description of his subject. He brings the readers a sense of awe about the grizzly and fear at the same time. From this passage it can be concluded that Mcphee has so much interest in these awesome animals, but at the same time he has quite a great fear of them for the very reasons he brings about.       

Jeff Lee

Anthro

10/18/05

Primate Report

(Bonobos & Gorillas)

It is absolutely amazing to see the direct correlation between the complexities of monkeys and us human beings. Not very often do people put too much thought into our connection of existence and how it has a direct connection with monkeys, but what we fail to realize is how much credit monkeys deserve to have. Apes in general are the closest mammals on earth to human beings. Their complex anatomy, as well as their intricate social behaviors all add up to how amazing this animals can truly be. With so many different kinds of chimps and apes it is hard to know too much about one particular group, but two definite groups that stick out are the Bonobos (pygmy chimpanzees) and the Gorillas.

Bonobo apes are fascinating creature in perspective that they are one of our very few close relatives. These animals are genetically closely related to chimpanzees, but that’s exactly how they are so close to human beings as well. That is probably one good reason why the bonobos are considered so significantly in terms of scientific studies and research. From anatomy, to the way they think and act, it is amazing seeing the direct correlations between us. They’re skull shape is the closest shape to humans, and not only that but the teeth and the proportions of the body are also very similar to humans. Even the structure of the cells in their brain is similar to humans. That itself just proves how really complex these animals really are. Bonobos are also one of the few apes that will stand and walk on two feet.

In terms of behavior, there are so many interesting and unique similarities between Bonobos and human beings. It is only natural as human beings to long and yearn to know about his or her origins. Strangely enough, there are so many similarities in Bonobos that they are key models in scientific analysis. One behavior that definitely distinguishes these groups of animals is the fact that sex is not limited only to reproduction (just like human beings). This is exactly why so many scientists have such a firm conviction that they will be able to obtain a lot of vital information about human being’s sexual tendencies as well. In other words, sex is more than just sex for Bonobos. Sex is a way of bonding, easing the stress, and also a way of communication. They will sexually excite each other several times a day, and some scientists believe that is the very reason why these animals manage to have so much peace in abnormally large groups. In some cases, the same sex would stimulate each other for different reasons.

All in all, these animals are very smart and interesting animals. Not only are they especially intelligent, their similarities between humans are absolutely amazing and that is the reason why they have such significance. Unfortunately these apes were the last apes to be identified in the late 1920’s, and therefore, even till this day information on what they may be able to unfold is still quite ambiguous.

On the other hand, we probably have one of the most famous apes. The gorillas are the largest primates living on earth. Unlike the Bonobos, the gorillas are extremely large and massive. Once again, these animals are also extremely similar to us. As a matter of fact, the gorilla is the second closest to us in terms of genetics after the Chimpanzees (Bonobos too). Gorillas too differ and carry traits that are completely unique. They can also be very diverse compared to Bonobos.

Gorillas in general live in “families.” It would usually consist of one fully grown male and a couple families. The dominant male, which is called the silver back because of the distinctive silver stripe that comes across the back, is the one who usually leads the families and cares for them as well. That is a difference between the bonobos and the gorillas. Gorillas tend to live in smaller and more organized compact families, while the Bonobos tend to move in large and cluttered groups. Gorillas in general are characterized as peaceful and non-aggressive animals but depending on the situation, they may act differently. In most cases, Bonobos and Gorillas have a lot in common not only because they are both primates of the ape family but also because of the fact that they are so closely related to human beings.

One major difference between the Bonobos and the Gorillas is the whole reproduction aspect. Bonobos freely engage in sexual activities in many times of the day. On the other hand, Gorillas will only mate for reproductive purposes. Not only that, but the duration of the sexual activity in gorillas are pretty low in contrast to the other apes. And one more interesting fact about the gorillas is the fact that only the silverback is able to mate with the females in the group. It is this formation that keeps the bond in the families strong enough to stay together in a peaceful state. Another difference that is quite noticeable between these two apes is their ways of communication. Gorillas do make noises and communicate in that sense, but most of the time, their communication is more visual and based on physical signs. On the other hand, Bonobos tend to make a lot of noise and use that to signal their emotions towards one another.

All in all, Bonobos and Gorillas are very interesting animals that have so much potential to help us humand more than we can imagine. Their distinct and unique characters will truly keep us intrigued with how close they are to us and more than anything, how extremely intelligent they are.